A survey by Indonesia's Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), documented in the *2023 E-commerce Statistics* report, reveals three main roles in Indonesia's e-commerce businesses.
Service providers constitute the largest role in e-commerce, accounting for 43.95% of Indonesia's total e-commerce activities in 2023.
Merchants represent the second largest role at 33.13%, followed by producers at 22.91%.
BPS categorizes e-commerce activities and the roles within them. For producers, the business categories are:
* Category A: Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries
* Category C: Manufacturing
The merchant role encompasses Category G: Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles.
Service providers, on the other hand, include the following categories:
* Category H: Transportation and warehousing
* Category I: Accommodation and food service activities
* Category J: Information and communication
* Category M: Professional, scientific, and technical activities
* Category N: Rental and leasing activities
* Category P: Education
* Category Q: Human health and social work activities
* Category R: Arts, entertainment, and recreation
* Category S: Other services.
(Also read: [Majority of Indonesian E-commerce Businesses are Unincorporated](https://databoks.katadata.co.id/perdagangan/statistik/67a391d4c2e41/mayoritas-usaha-e-commerce-indonesia-tidak-berbadan-hukum))